Around the world, on July 27, it was reported more than

165

vaccines against the coronavirus

Approved: 1

In Phase III: 5

Difference between Preclinical, Phase I, Phase II, Phase III, and Approval

Preclinical	Phase I	Phase II	Phase III	Approval
Assay in animals as mice or monkeys	Small number of people	Hundreds of people, different ages. Needs to protect at least 50% of vaccinated people	Thousands of people, compared with people who received placebo.	Regulators in each country decide whether to approve the vaccine or not
140+	19	12	5	1

Phase III:

Institution	Sponsor	Candidate	Phase III conducted in
Murdoch Children’s Research Institute	University of Melbourne	Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG)	Australia, Spain, and Netherlands
Sinovac Biotech	Sinovac Research and Development Co. Ltd	Coronavac	Brazil
Wuhan Institute of Biological Products	Ministry of Science and Technology	Inactivated vaccine	United Arab Emirates
The University of Oxford	AstraZeneca, IQVIA	AZD1222	England, Brazil, South Africa
National Institutes of Health	Moderna	mRna-1273	Will start by Operation Warp Speed

Approved: CanSino BIO

The Chinese CanSino Biologics developed this vaccine based on the adenovirus type 5 vector (Ad5). Adverse reactions as pain (54%), fever (46%), fatigue (44%) headache (39%), and muscle pain (17%) occurred in 83% of patients in the low and medium dose groups and 75% of patients in the high dose group. On 25 June, China’s Central Military commission announced the military had been approved to use Ad5-nCoV for a period of 1 year.